Guide to Burgundy

Pinot Noir and Chardonnay from the world's most prestigious wine region

Vineyards in Burgundy with narrow rows and stone-walled parcels in autumn sun

Burgundy is not just a wine region — it is a philosophical statement. While Bordeaux blends grapes and builds its reputation on famous châteaux, Burgundy is about one place, one grape and one vintage. Nothing more. And it is precisely that purity which makes Burgundy the world's most sought-after wine.

Two grapes dominate entirely: Pinot Noir for red wine and Chardonnay for white wine. The wines do not merely reflect the character of the grape — they reflect the exact piece of land in which they grow. This is terroir in its purest form.

In short: Burgundy = Pinot Noir + Chardonnay + terroir. Quality is determined by which vineyard the grapes come from — not who made the wine. The more specific the plot, the higher the prestige and price.

Burgundy's quality system

Burgundy uses a unique system based on climats — specific plots with legally defined boundaries. From broadest to narrowest:

Regional

Bourgogne AOC

Grapes from across the entire region. Bourgogne Rouge (Pinot Noir) and Bourgogne Blanc (Chardonnay). A great entry point to the style from around €15–30.

Village

E.g. Gevrey-Chambertin, Meursault

Grapes from a single specific village. More distinctive character and greater complexity. Typically €30–70.

Premier Cru

Around 640 named plots

Named vineyard plots with special characteristics. The plot name appears on the label. From €60–120 and upwards.

Grand Cru

Only 33 plots in all of Burgundy

The absolute pinnacle. Chambertin, Musigny, Romanée-Conti. From €150 to many thousands.

The most important sub-regions

Côte de Nuits
The great red Grand Crus
Gevrey-Chambertin, Morey-Saint-Denis, Chambolle-Musigny, Vougeot, Vosne-Romanée, Nuits-Saint-Georges. Home to the world's most expensive Pinot Noirs.
Côte de Beaune
Great whites and elegant reds
Aloxe-Corton, Beaune, Pommard, Volnay (reds) and Meursault, Puligny-Montrachet, Chassagne-Montrachet (white Grand Crus).
Chablis
Steely, mineral Chardonnay
The northernmost part of Burgundy. Chardonnay grown on Kimmeridgian limestone soil produces a uniquely mineral, almost flinty style with no oak ageing.
Mâconnais
Affordable Chardonnay
Mâcon-Villages and Pouilly-Fuissé offer excellent Chardonnay at more accessible prices. A perfect entry point into the Burgundy style.

Red Burgundy — Pinot Noir

Burgundy's red wines are made from Pinot Noir alone — and they are anything but heavy. It is a grape that speaks of elegance, transparency and nuance. A good Bourgogne Rouge smells of cherry, strawberry, violet and smoked meat. With age, notes of truffle, forest floor and leather emerge.

The finest wines from Côte de Nuits — Gevrey-Chambertin, Chambolle-Musigny, Vosne-Romanée — are among the world's most complex wines. Domaines such as Leroy, Rousseau, Mugnier and Romanée-Conti (DRC) are legendary. See our guide to Pinot Noir.

White Burgundy — Chardonnay

Burgundy's white wines set the global benchmark for Chardonnay. Meursault is rich, buttery and nutty. Puligny-Montrachet is more precise and mineral. Chablis is sharp and saline. All are Chardonnay — yet they taste radically different because terroir dictates everything.

Tip: Start with a Mâcon-Villages or Bourgogne Blanc from a good producer (Leflaive, Jadot, Drouhin) for around €20–30. This gives you an authentic feel for Chardonnay as Burgundy defines it — without paying €150 for a Premier Cru.

What to pair with Burgundy?

When to drink Burgundy?

Burgundy is one of the wines that benefits most from ageing — yet many are drunk too young. As a general rule:

Young Burgundy is often closed and tight. Give it time — or decant for 30–60 minutes.

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